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this is information on a product in full production. october 2012 doc id 022758 rev 3 1/94 94 SPIRIT1 low data rate, low power sub-1ghz transceiver datasheet ? production data features frequency bands: 150-174 mhz, 300-348 mhz, 387-470 mhz, 779-956 mhz modulation schemes: 2-fsk, gfsk, msk, gmsk, ook, and ask air data rate from 1 to 500 kbps very low power consumption (9 ma rx and 21 ma tx at +11 dbm) programmable rx digital filter from 1 khz to 800 khz programmable channel spacing (12.5 khz min.) excellent performance of receiver sensitivity (- 118 dbm), selectivity, and blocking programmable output power up to +11 dbm fast startup and frequency synthesizer settling time (6 s) frequency offset compensation integrated temperature sensor battery indicator and low battery detector rx and tx fifo buffer (96 bytes each) configurability via spi interface automatic acknowledgement, retransmission, and timeout protocol engine aes 128-bit encryption co-processor antenna diversity algorithm fully integrated ultra low power rc oscillator wake-up on internal timer and wake-up on external event flexible packet length with dynamic payload length sync word detection address check automatic crc handling fec with interleaving digital rssi output programmable carrier sense (cs) indicator automatic clear channel assessment (cca) before transmitting (for listen-before-talk systems). embedded csma/ca protocol programmable preamble quality indicator (pqi) link quality indication (lqi) whitening and de-whitening of data wireless m-bus, en 300 220, fcc cfr47 15 (15.205, 15.209, 15.231, 15.247, 15.249), and arib std t-67, t93, t-108 compliant qfn20 4x4 mm rohs package operating temperature range from -40 c to 85 c applications amr (automatic meter reading) home and building automation wsn (wireless sensors network) industrial monitoring and control wireless fire and security alarm systems point-to-point wireless link table 1. device summary order code package packing SPIRIT1qtr qfn20 tape and reel qfn20 www.st.com
contents SPIRIT1 2/94 doc id 022758 rev 3 contents 1 description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2 introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3 typical application diagram and pin description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3.1 typical application diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 4 pinout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 5 absolute maximum ratings and thermal data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 6 characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 6.1 general characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 6.2 electrical specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 6.2.1 electrical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 6.2.2 digital spi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 6.2.3 rf receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 6.2.4 rf transmitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 6.2.5 crystal oscillator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 6.2.6 sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 7 operating modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 7.1 reset sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 7.2 timer usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 7.3 low duty cycle reception mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 7.4 csma/ca engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 8 block description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 8.1 power management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 8.2 power-on-reset (por) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 8.3 low battery indicator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 8.4 voltage reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 8.5 oscillator and rf synthesizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 8.6 rco: features and calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 SPIRIT1 contents doc id 022758 rev 3 3/94 8.6.1 rc oscillator calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 8.7 afc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 8.8 receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 8.9 transmitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 8.10 temperature sensors (ts) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 8.11 aes encryption co-processor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 9 transmission and reception . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 9.1 pa configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 9.2 rf channel frequency settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 9.3 rx timeout management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 9.4 intermediate frequency setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 9.5 modulation scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 9.5.1 data rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 9.5.2 rx channel bandwidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 9.6 data coding and integrity check process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 9.6.1 fec . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 9.6.2 crc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 9.6.3 data whitening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 9.6.4 data padding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 9.7 packet handler engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 9.7.1 stack packet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 9.7.2 wireless m-bus packet (w m-bus, en13757-4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 9.7.3 basic packet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 9.7.4 automatic packet filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 9.7.5 link layer protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 9.8 data modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 9.9 data fifo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 9.10 receiver quality indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 9.10.1 rssi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 9.10.2 carrier sense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 9.10.3 lqi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 9.10.4 pqi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 9.10.5 sqi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 9.11 antenna diversity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 contents SPIRIT1 4/94 doc id 022758 rev 3 9.12 frequency hopping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 10 mcu interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 10.1 serial peripheral interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 10.2 interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 10.3 gpios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 10.4 mcu clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 11 register table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 12 package mechanical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 13 revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 SPIRIT1 list of tables doc id 022758 rev 3 5/94 list of tables table 1. device summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 table 2. description of the external components of the typical application diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 table 3. pinout description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 table 4. absolute maximum ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 table 5. thermal data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 table 6. recommended operating conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 table 7. general characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 table 8. power consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 table 9. digital spi input and output (sdo, sdi, sclk, csn, and sdn) and gpio specification (gpio_1-4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 table 10. rf receiver characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 table 11. rf transmitter characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 table 12. crystal oscillator characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 table 13. ultra low power rc oscillator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 table 14. n-fractional ? frequency synthesizer characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 table 15. analog temperature sensor characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 table 16. battery indicator and low battery detector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 6 table 17. states . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 table 18. commands list . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 table 19. por parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 table 20. SPIRIT1 timers description and duration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 table 21. programmability of trans-conductance at startup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 table 22. cp word look-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 table 23. rc calibrated speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 table 24. pa_level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 table 25. frequency threshold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 table 26. rx timeout stop condition configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 7 table 27. if_offset settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 table 28. chflt_m and chflt_e value for channel filter bandwidth (in khz, for fclk = 24 mhz) . . 51 table 29. chflt_m and chflt_e value for channel filter bandwidth (in khz, for fclk = 26 mhz) . . 52 table 30. packet configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 table 31. spi interface timing requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 table 32. interrupts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 table 33. digital outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 table 34. digital inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 table 35. mcu_ck_conf configuration register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 table 36. mcu clock vs. state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 table 37. general configuration registers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 table 38. radio configuration registers (analog blocks). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 table 39. radio configuration registers (digital blocks) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 8 table 40. packet/protocol configuration registers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 table 41. frequently used registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 table 42. general information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 table 43. qfn20 (4 x 4 mm.) mechanical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 table 44. document revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 list of figures SPIRIT1 6/94 doc id 022758 rev 3 list of figures figure 1. SPIRIT1 block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 figure 2. suggested application diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 figure 3. diagram and transition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 figure 4. power-on reset timing and limits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 figure 5. ldcr mode timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 figure 6. csma flowchart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 figure 7. shaping of ask signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 figure 8. output power ramping configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 figure 9. lfsr block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 figure 10. threshold of the linear fifo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 figure 11. spi ?write? operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 figure 12. spi ?read? operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 figure 13. spi ?command? operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 figure 14. qfn20 (4 x 4 mm.) drawing dimension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 SPIRIT1 description doc id 022758 rev 3 7/94 1 description the SPIRIT1 is a very low-power rf transceiver, intended for rf wireless applications in the sub-1 ghz band. it is designed to operate both in the license-free ism and srd frequency bands at 169, 315, 433, 868, and 915 mhz, but can also be programmed to operate at other additional frequencies in the 300-348 mhz, 387-470 mhz, and 779-956 mhz bands. the air data rate is programmable from 1 to 500 kbps, and the SPIRIT1 can be used in systems with channel spacing of 12.5/25 khz, complying with the en 300 220 standard. it uses a very small number of discrete external components and integrates a configurable baseband modem, which supports data management, modulation, and demodulation. the data management handles the data in the proprietary fully programmable packet format also allows the m-bus standard compliance format (all performance classes). however, the SPIRIT1 can perform cyclic redundancy checks on the data as well as fec encoding/decoding on the packets. the SPIRIT1 provides an optional automatic acknowledgement, retransmission, and timeout protocol engine in order to reduce overall system costs by handling all the high-speed link layer operations. moreover, the SPIRIT1 supports an embedded csma/ca engine. an aes 128-bit encryption co-processor is available for secure data transfer. the SPIRIT1 fully supports antenna diversity with an integrated antenna switching control algorithm. the SPIRIT1 supports different modulation schemes: 2-fsk, gfsk, ook, ask, and msk. transmitted/received data bytes are buffered in two different three-level fifos (tx fifo and rx fifo), accessible via the spi interface for host processing. introduction SPIRIT1 8/94 doc id 022758 rev 3 2 introduction a simplified block diagram of the SPIRIT1 is shown in figure 1 . figure 1. SPIRIT1 block diagram the receiver architecture is low-if conversion. the received rf signal is amplified by a two- stage low-noise amplifier (lna) and down-converted in quadrature (i and q) to the intermediate frequency (if). lna and if amplifiers make up the rx front-end (rxfe) and have programmable gain. at if, i/q signals are digitized by adcs. the demodulated data is then provided to an external mcu either through the 96-byte rx fifo, readable via spi, or directly using a programmable gpio pin. a 128-bit aes co-processor is available to perform (offline) data encryption/decryption to secure data transfer. the transmitter part of the SPIRIT1 is based on direct synthesis of the rf frequency. the power amplifier (pa) input is the lo generated by the rf synthesizer, while the output level can be configured between -30 dbm and +11 dbm in 0.5 db steps. the data to be transmitted can be provided by an external mcu either through the 96-byte tx fifo writable via spi, or directly using a programmable gpio pin. the SPIRIT1 supports frequency hopping, tx/rx and antenna diversity switch control, extending the link range and improving performance. the SPIRIT1 has a very efficient power management (pm) system. / 1 $ ' ( 0 2 ' 8 / $ 7 2 5 3 $ ) 5 ( 4 6 < |